A comparative study of the fa’afafine of Samoa and the.
Based in India, the hijra are physiological males who identify themselves as females at an early age, wearing women’s clothing and performing stereotypical female gender roles. Indian society refers to the hijra as a third gender. They are not female nor male, but a separate entity who carries their own culture, values and traditions.
Summary The Fa’afafine, Gender Benders in Samoa; On Cultural Construction of Gender and Role Change is a study of the gender liminal males in Samoa. The fieldwork took place in the capital Apia, from January until July 2001.
With this framework in mind, this essay will examine and analyze gender roles beginning with Medieval Sparta through the early Modern Europe period and how masculine and feminine roles were continually being redefined because of historical circumstances.
Being fa'afafine in Auckland at the cusp of the new millennium not only articulates with global social and cultural processes and the politics of sex, gender and sexual orientation but also with the Pacific Island diaspora to New Zealand, the effect of HIV and the emphasis it has placed on sex and safety amongst marginalised groups, and the effect of black American youth culture and drag.
In this paper, I consider the processes by which fa'afafine have been represented in terms of Western comprehensions of gender and, especially, sexuality, and consider how these and other discourses have in turn contributed to the way in which Samoans in general and fa'afafine in particular come to understand, enact, and replicate what it means to be fa'afafine.
Many people have difficulty comprehending how a third gender is possible but Samoan culture shows how gender identity goes beyond sexual organs and a label placed by doctors at birth. There are two different ways to live as a fa’afafine, one is to take on traditionally female roles and dress while the other way is to maintain 'masculine roles' while adopting more feminine mannerisms and.
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